Which of the following was not a Spanish group?

The concept of identifying which groups were not Spanish relates to understanding the timelines and cultural developments in New Mexico's history. The Folsom, Clovis, and Desert cultures are all associated with prehistoric peoples of North America, specifically associated with early Native American archaeological sites.

The Folsom culture is known for its sophisticated stone tool technology and was present around 10,000 years ago, primarily in areas of what is now New Mexico. Clovis culture, recognized for its distinct fluted projectile points, dates back to around 13,000 years ago, making it one of the earliest known cultures in North America. The Desert cultures refer to various ancient peoples who adapted to the arid environments of the American Southwest, emerging well before the arrival of the Spanish.

The Spanish influence in New Mexico did not begin until the late 16th century, with the arrival of explorers and settlers like Juan de Oñate in 1598. Therefore, none of the groups listed are associated with Spanish heritage, making the choice indicating that all listed groups were not Spanish the correct answer. This highlights the distinction between ancient Native American cultures and the much later Spanish colonial presence in the region.