What was the primary reason for the large transfer of cattle to New Mexico in the late 1800s?

The transfer of cattle to New Mexico in the late 1800s was primarily driven by the overgrazing of land in Texas. As cattle ranching expanded in Texas, the demand on the land increased significantly. By the end of the 19th century, the pastures in Texas were extensively depleted due to excessive grazing, which made it increasingly difficult to sustain large herds. In contrast, New Mexico offered more abundant grazing lands that were less impacted by overgrazing, making it an attractive destination for ranchers seeking to relocate their herds.

This movement of cattle was not solely a financial decision tied to market prices or immediate economic conditions; rather, it was influenced by the need for sustainable grazing options. Ranchers and cattlemen recognized that transitioning their operations to New Mexico would ultimately allow for healthier herds and more viable long-term ranching practices. Thus, the shift to New Mexico was a necessary response to the environmental challenges faced in Texas, rather than a reflection of market prices or safety from cattle rustlers.