Hernan Cortez did which of the following?

Hernan Cortez is a pivotal figure in the history of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. His expedition led to several significant outcomes that are encapsulated in the correct answer.

First, Cortez established the Spanish presence in the Americas by leading an expedition that resulted in the fall of the Aztec Empire in 1521. This conquest opened the door for further Spanish penetrations into North America, leading to the establishment of New Spain, which included vast territories beyond just present-day Mexico.

Moreover, his actions sparked what is often referred to as "gold fever" in Europe. The immense wealth that Cortez and his contemporaries acquired from looting Aztec treasures fueled an insatiable European appetite for exploration and exploitation of the Americas, leading to an influx of expeditions and conquests throughout the continent.

Finally, by defeating the Aztecs, Cortez accomplished what many at the time viewed as an impossible feat. His military tactics, alliances with indigenous groups discontented with Aztec rule, and his strategic use of technology and resources were instrumental in overcoming a powerful empire.

Therefore, the choice that indicates he did all of these things is correct, as it encompasses the breadth of his impact on both the Americas and Europe during