As a result of Carleton's order to kill Navajo men, what occurred?

The correct answer encompasses all the listed outcomes, highlighting the widespread impacts of Carleton's order to kill Navajo men. The order had far-reaching consequences that contributed to the breakdown of military engagement with the Navajo people.

Initially, Carson's actions to cut off the food supply were pivotal in the campaign against the Navajo. By depriving them of essential resources, the strategy aimed to weaken the Navajo forces, making them more vulnerable, ultimately leading to their surrender.

As the military faced logistical issues and moral dilemmas regarding the order, many army volunteers chose to quit, demonstrating the internal dissent and opposition to such harsh measures. This reflected a wider conflict within the army about the ethics and implications of executing such orders against Indigenous peoples.

The cumulative effect of these actions led to the Navajo lacking the essential sustenance needed for survival, effectively forcing their surrender as they were unable to withstand the prolonged deprivation of food and resources. This multifaceted approach to warfare underscored the severe implications of the policies enacted by Carleton and his command. Each of these elements contributed to the eventual outcome, making the comprehensive inclusion of all factors significant in understanding the historical context.